Current PoLAR Issue November 2023

Volume 46, Issue 2

Editorial November 2023

For those of us
who were imprinted with fear
like a faint line in the center of our foreheads
learning to be afraid with our mother’s milk
for by this weapon
this illusion of some safety to be found
the heavy-footed hoped to silence us
For all of us
this instant and this triumph
We were never meant to survive.

… when we speak we are afraid
our words will not be heard
nor welcomed
but when we are silent
we are still afraid

So it is better to speak
remembering
we were never meant to survive.

These are some of the powerful words of intersectional feminist professor, Audre Lorde’s, “A Litany for Survival” (1978).1 What does living with the profound idea of our never having been meant to survive mean during this time of crisis?Firstly, what crisis?At this time in history, one is tempted to retort what is not in crisis? For it certainly feels like the world is going to hell in a handbasket. As scenes on our screens send us into the twilight zone of Trump-running-for-president-and-leading-in-the-Republican-race deja vu; sheer disbelief sets in that, three journal issues after our first (May 2022), in which we wrote of the then-new war in Ukraine, our current editorial coincides with scenes of utter devastation as the war in Ukraine drags on longer than most of us likely anticipated and the number of its victims exceeds anything any of us imagined happening in Europe in this century; and, still today, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict continues with reports of unbelievable death and despair on both sides of “the Gaza border ahead of an expected ground invasion”2 into the “blockaded territory”—reminding one of us of scenes of caspers (armored vehicles) in the streets of Soweto under apartheid’s States of Emergency.These are real emergencies. These are the real crises. Amidst them are cries for help that are drowned out by exploding bombs, collapsing buildings, live ammunition, and (if the people there are lucky) perhaps even sirens suggesting that help may indeed come, and their lives might yet be spared … “For those of us who were imprinted with fear … for by this weapon, this illusion of some safety to be found, the heavy-footed hoped to silence us … We were never meant to survive.”Yet, to be wholly honest with you, dear readers, even as all these real crises—a small subset of so many more than we can name—loom large, for those of us in or adjacent to publishing, the answer that first comes to mind when asked, “what crisis?”, might be “the publishing crisis.” Searching for the latest on this, I stumbled upon an article in The Atlantic titled “The Crisis in Book Publishing.” It was written by Alfred R. Mcintyre.3 When? It appeared in the October 1947 Issue.4 It certainly gives some longer-term perspective.

Still, from where we sit today on October 9th, 2023, this is the view:

Dear Dr. [Esteemed Anthropologist]:

I hope this message finds you well. I’m reaching out to see if you might be willing/able (or, otherwise, be able to recommend someone else who might be willing/able) to review a manuscript entitled “[Something Really Powerful on an Issue of Pressing National, Regional, or Global Concern]” that has been submitted to PoLAR: Political and Legal Anthropology Review.

By now, we have sent countless numbers of these—most through ScholarOne but, when the intended audience’s email address is flagged as set to reject ScholarOne emails, from our polar@gmail.com addresses. They read as being so polite and calm even as they are, in fact, thinly veiled (sometimes whimpering) cries: “Help!”This initial message is often then followed by an automated message from the ScholarOne system saying:

Dear Dr. [Esteemed Anthropologist]:

Recently, you were invited to review Manuscript ID POLAR-2022-0061, entitled “[Something Really Powerful on an Issue of Pressing National, Regional, or Global Concern]”. We have yet to hear from you about this.

This e-mail is simply a reminder to respond to the invitation to review. We appreciate your help in accomplishing our goal of having an expedited reviewing process.

Please click on the appropriate link below to automatically register your reply with our online manuscript submission and review system:

*** PLEASE NOTE: This is a two-step process. After clicking on the link, you will be directed to a webpage to confirm. ***

Agreed: [personalized link]

Declined: [personalized link]

Alternatively, you may email the Editor-in-Chief or me to reply to this invitation. If you are unable to review at this time, we would appreciate you recommending another expert reviewer.

Please do not hesitate to contact us if we can be of any assistance.

Sincerely,

[Name]

PoLAR: Political and Legal Anthropology Review Editorial Office

About 40% of the time, there is still silence.

The most depressing notice we receive that our cries for help have not been heard is when the note goes out:

Dear Dr. [Esteemed Anthropologist]:

We recently invited you to review the manuscript POLAR-2022-0061, entitled “[Something Really Powerful on an Issue of Pressing National, Regional, or Global Concern]” for PoLAR: Political and Legal Anthropology Review.

We have not received a reply and so, in the interest of peer-review times, we assume you are unable to review at this time, so we are automatically withdrawing the invitation. Should there be a misunderstanding and you are able to review this paper after all, please send an email to the editorial office at scuster.polar@gmail.com.

Thank you for your understanding.

With kindest regards,

[Name]

PoLAR: Political and Legal Anthropology Review Editorial Office

Thirty-two. No, make that 35. That’s the highest number of reviewer requests we’ve had to send out for a single manuscript. That is, admittedly, the worst case we have ever encountered. Until then, we had not had to send out any more than 16. That said, one of our first ever manuscripts edited for PoLAR had required sending out 12. When we conveyed our panic as ones only just taking up the role of editor, we were assured that this was very unusual. Indeed, it is.

But, now we are familiar with something even more unusual.

Dear Dr. [Esteemed Anthropologist with Unique Expertise in the Relevant Area]:

I hope this message finds you well and your fall semester not too frantic!

I am doing something unusual and reaching out to you personally to ask that you please review a manuscript for PoLAR: Political and Legal Anthropology Review: POLAR-2022-0061 – “[Something Really Powerful on an Issue of Pressing National, Regional, or Global Concern]”.

What is most unusual about the request isn’t that I am reaching out personally but rather that I am basically pleading with you to agree to review this manuscript. Why this is unusual is because of the extremely atypical circumstances of this manuscript: namely, 10 months since it was submitted to us and 32 reviewer invitations later (that is just shy of double the highest number I have ever sent out before), we still cannot get a third reviewer to assess the manuscript.

My reasons for reaching out to you specially are that I am really hoping that we might get a third perspective on the manuscript from someone who brings more diversity to the pool of reviewers we have so far been able to secure. Given our commitments as an editorial team, I just do not feel that I can (with a clear conscience) assess this manuscript on the basis of the two reviews I have because I worry that there may be a perspective they just are not seeing. I am therefore hoping that you might possibly lend us your particular expert lenses.

If (for whatever reason!) you are unable to answer this rather desperate appeal in the affirmative, I completely understand; might you then be able to suggest someone else who could possibly help? Either way, please let us know your decision at your earliest convenience.

Many thanks and best wishes,

[One of Us, Editors]

Why share this with you here? Especially when PoLAR has just issued its call for the next set of Editors (starting phase-in and shadowing in late January 2024 and officially taking over as Co-Editors following release of the November 2024 issue after the American Anthropological Association annual meeting)?

On one hand, because of our shared value of, and need for, transparency. Amidst the desperate real-world crises previously mentioned, these correspondences are largely what our lives revolve around these days. Living our privileged lives and, it often feels like, buckling under the weight and exigencies of #firstworldproblems, our lives have been reduced to such relative seeming-minutiae as counting the numbers that form the metrics by which a journal’s success and failure is depicted in the report that is shortly due to our section leaders, to whom we are ultimately accountable for our stewardship of the journal: the number of review requests sent out, number agreed, number declined; the number of days since the manuscript was submitted, number before we sent it out for review, number remaining before the decision on the manuscript is late… and so on.

These seeming-minutiae, though, are ultimately measured in impacts on people’s lives. Impacts whose stories we do not often get to hear but glimpse when authors write to us to ask when they might get a decision on their manuscript as they are preparing to go on the job market and/or submit their tenure portfolio soon, or request that we petition Wiley to ungate an article PoLAR published several years ago that still has something to say to us in the midst of today’s crisis on the Israel/Palestine border(s). We know they matter and we do our best to look through the tick tock, tick tock, tick tock of the day-to-day work carried out while we, like the White Rabbit in Alice’s Wonderland hurriedly try to get to the next deadline … constantly aware of time, anxiety, and societal pressures amidst the invisibilizing rhythms of our fast-paced modern life and the anxieties that can come with it—especially in a rapidly changing and less and less humanizing publication landscape.

But, more importantly, we share this here because we are still here. And, in large part, that is because of community.

You see, the reason our transparency seems necessary in this moment especially is because it hopefully opens up space for us all to consider together, in the mutually dependent relationship of what is known in South Africa and beyond as “ubuntu” (our shared and mutually constitutive humaneness captured by the phrase, “umuntu ngumuntu ngabantu” or “a person is a person by, through and because of other people”), what it takes for us to survive when we were never meant to. At the very least, that is community.

And, so we return to the question with which we opened this editorial: What does living with Audre Lorde’s ever-timely declaration of (some of) our never having been meant to survive mean during this time of crisis?

Ultimately, as Lorde appropriately coaches us, though we may be afraid to speak, speak we must. This, even if “we are afraid our words will not be heard”—because our words may genuinely not be heard. Our silence certainly will not suppress our fears, or prevent them from becoming reality.

So it is better to speak
remembering
we were never meant to survive.

Thus, our concerns over the “publishing crisis” are fundamentally grounded in our concerns over the real-world crises: our urgent desire that those who are trying to speak up against (and despite) fear and oppression can be heard … if nowhere else then, at least, in PoLAR’s pages. In other words, we see publishing as a space for taking a stand for the survival of those of us who “were never meant to survive” (and, we trust, in issues to come, even “survivance”).5 And, as organizers, activists, advocates, and scholars have long argued and evidenced, taking such a stand—and doing so with any measure of effectiveness—is possible only in and through community.

From where we stand as the Editors of PoLAR, the work of editing the journal and navigating the publishing landscape in these precarious times would scarcely have been possible without each other, and the other members of the PoLAR Editorial Collective: Stephanie Custer (Managing Editor), Jennifer Curtis (Associate Editor of PoLAR Online), Deniz Yonucu and Caroline Parker (Directions Editors), Smoki Muharaj and Matthew Canfield (Book Reviews Editors), our Editorial Board members, as well as our Section leadership (Ilana Gershon as President, Rebekah Park as Treasurer, Heath Cabot as President-Elect, and so many others). Hence, the PoLAR Editors’ Call strongly recommends doing this work as a collective. Whatever the specifics of the model they ultimately opt for, we hope our successors take us up on that invitation. Even if they are matched with someone or some others they do not know, so much more is possible in community. We can attest to this: after all, we did not know each other until January 2021 and are so grateful we were brought together by our vision for what might be possible to accomplish in and through PoLAR’s limited pages and wider community.

Finally, we share this here because of our appreciation for that wider community. This editorial is therefore also a note of thanks to those of you who have said YES when receiving our invitations to review for PoLAR—whether once or several times. Thanks to those of you who have said, “I can’t do it in 3 weeks but 4-6 weeks is possible. Is that ok?”. Thanks too to those of you who have taken the time to say, “I’m really sorry I can’t do it right now but here are some wonderful people who I think are really worth asking; and, if they can’t do it, please feel free to come back to me for more names and/or I might just be able to do it at that time.”

Thanks, frankly, to those of you who have responded to our requests at all—and done so within the first few hours or a couple of days—whether to say yes or no. If to say no, thanks especially to those who have taken the extra 5 minutes to enter the names and emails of three to five other people we might reach out to in your stead. The personal notes of thanks for what we do in service of the field some of you have even taken time to send us when declining our invitations to review, though not required, make a sometimes rote and somewhat impersonal ritual more humanizing and, to use a horrible cliche, really warm our hearts.

Of course, the flip side of all the thanks we have to express is an invitation to those who have perhaps given up on peer review as a priority area of service. One might possibly even think of this editorial as amplifying a relatively muted if implicit foundation of the positive peer review conversation curated by our colleagues for feature in the Directions Section and PoLAR Online with our first issue as Co-Editors in May 2022: it is an invitation to step up to do peer review at all, and thus enter into that partnership relationship of supportively thinking with a possibly-unknown other.

In other words, … well … HELP! Yes, YOU. We need YOUR help!

When you get that first message shared above, please say yes. Or, at least, send us something back to let us know that we are not in this alone—whatever this is (at least, in part, a desperate plea for our individual and collective survival?).

Editor of Ethos, Greg Downey, called for solidarity.6 We stand in solidarity here with his call, affirming the fact that it is indeed imperative to all our survival.

Will you stand in solidarity with us all and with each other? Authors, all of us; just trying to get our life’s call (what sometimes feels like a lone voice in the wilderness) heard by someone and maybe even something done with it to help us all better survive and to make the world—including ourselves—somehow saner.

With that said, in thinking about how to frame the works that are published in this issue of PoLAR, the question, “What crisis?” returns to us. This issue includes a searing historicized analysis of the Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization ruling from Carol J. Greenhouse (“After Dobbs”), which provocatively reminds us that while “everything is political,” what is (and is not) politicized works across different—and indeterminant—scales. Greenhouse urges us, as ethnographers, to think about our experiences as people and analysis as scholars in scalar terms, suggesting that in doing so we are opening up new forms of political agency and possibility. This ability to see in a “crisis” such as the aftermath of Dobbs a “creative openness” speaks to the focus of this issue’s Directions section, Co-Edited by Deniz Yonucu and Caroline Parker, which brings us articles from Amy Cohen and Ilana Gershon, Malay Firoz, and Ridhima Sharma. Each asks in their own way how, as anthropologists, we might work with the indeterminacies that shape our analyses, pedagogies, and material worlds (what Greenhouse might see as different scales), and in doing so challenge “epistemological certitude” (Malay Firoz, “Indeterminate critique”).

These and other works in this issue of PoLAR enter into crises of various scales, and each works us through these with deft and thoughtful attention to the political possibilities engendered in indeterminacy—as well as the violence of imposed structures of rigidity. Achermann, Borrelli, and Pfirter’s article, “For Just Decisions We Need You!” shows how migration control in Switzerland has become an increasingly disaggregated—what they term “relational” process—which sees decisions on deportation being made in consultation with various social service actors, thereby asking us to see migration status as a “co-produced” outcome which reflects the expansion of migration control into broader fields of bureaucratic life. But migrant lives are not defined by these systems, as the article, “Stitching a Rights Narrative,” from Verclyte and Destrooper emphasizes. They bring attention to the embodied and material ways that Syrian refugees in Beirut literally weave multi-layered understandings of their rights into skilled embroidery practices, again reminding us that political possibility shows up when we pay attention to scale.

Infrastructure is another theme that works its way through this issue of PoLAR. Bhattacharjee’s article, “Zones of Compounded Informality,” shows how exclusion and informality is spatially produced—and productive—in India’s Delhi, National Capital Region, and creates barriers for the many workers living within these zones to access citizenship and social protection rights. That is, spatial informality becomes a technique of governance. In contrast, Civelek’s article, “Beyond Lawfare,” focuses on the temporality of urban infrastructures, showing how attempts at urban renewal in Eskişehir, Turkey create a continuum of (re)negotiation: “nesting” layers of legal process which defy simple explanations of political dominance or resistance. Finally, Channell-Justice emphasizes the stakes of urban projects in their article “From Garbage Wars to Green City,” showing how waste management in Ukraine has become a site through which broader questions (and hierarchies) about Europeanization are navigated; a timely intervention that has only become more pressing in the context of Russia’s devastating invasion of Ukraine in 2022.

Which crisis? Whether speaking to the war in Ukraine, migrant rights, urbanization, or the judicial control of sex and sexuality, the articles in this issue cut across multiple crises. But these pieces bring attention to political possibilities within these contexts. In that vein, in “An Ontological Struggle,” Ramadhan shows how increasingly conservative notions of personhood have become central to recent and unprecedented judicial moves in Indonesia to criminalize sexuality. This is a powerful essay that sees the Indonesia case (and the experiences of activists and scholars across Southeast Asia) as part of broader global movements to figure sexuality and gender as the “battleground for (contemporary) conservative and religious movements.” Ultimately, Ramadhan ends with a call to “attend to [these] stubborn presences to better make sense of our world and to imagine—and actualize—possibilities and potentialities for another world that is not laden with violent times,” a perspective that is both provocative and speaks to what this issue of PoLAR is broadly encouraging us to do.

Sindiso MnisiWeeks, University of Massachusetts Amherst, and Georgina Ramsay, University of Delaware, are Co-Editors-in-Chief of PoLAR: Political and Legal Anthropology Review.

Author Action Recommendations

Emily Channell-Justice: While the article criticizes the shifting of responsibility for the creation of waste and pollution onto individual actors, decreasing the amount of waste we produce certainly can’t hurt. Given our reliance on so many destructive technologies as part of waste management, producing less waste overall means we might have to use them less.

At the same time, waste and waste management are political and politicized issues. Elected leaders often benefit from the corporations creating the massive amounts of waste. How can we hold them accountable for their role in the creation of waste, especially in the context of increasing global temperatures and climate disasters? Action has to be taken at the political level, not just with you and me reusing water bottles.

And finally, the article focuses on Ukraine. The war there continues unabated, even as Ukrainians continue to resist in remarkable ways, sometimes by just existing (such as the city of Lviv’s ongoing composting pilot project). Let this article inspire you to read more about Ukraine and be educated about the daily lives of people who are living through war.

If you are interested in supporting Ukrainians through donation, please consider Solidarity Collectives https://www.solidaritycollectives.org/en/main-page-english/. This is a group of anti-authoritarian and leftist activists who regularly deliver humanitarian aid to frontline communities.

Review Essay

After Dobbs: Reflections on Political and Legal Anthropology
Carol J. Greenhouse

Research Articles

An Ontological Struggle: Islamic Political Theology and the Criminalization of Same-Sex Sexuality in Indonesia
Febi R. Ramadhan

“For Just Decisions We Need You!”: Relational Decision-Making and the Bureaucratic Exclusion of “Poor Others”
Christin Achermann, Lisa Marie Borrelli, Luca Pfirter

Stitching a Rights Narrative: How Syrian Women in Shatila use Embroidery to Express Ideas about Social Justice
Sofie Verclyte, Tine Destrooper

From Garbage Wars to Green City: Defining Ukraine’s European Identity
Emily Channell-Justice

Zones of Compounded Informality: Migrants in the Megacity
Shikha Silliman Bhattacharjee

Beyond Lawfare: An Analysis of Law’s Temporality through Russian-Doll Urbanization from Turkey
Cansu Civelek

Directions

Landscapes of Otherwise: Anthropological Critique in Want of “Better” Worlds
Caroline M. Parker,  Deniz Yonucu

An Otherwise Classroom and a Diagnosis, or, the Preciousness of a Pause
Ridhima Sharma

Reflecting on/for Better Worlds
Amy J. Cohen,  Ilana Gershon

Indeterminative critique: Epistemic Certitude and the Temporality of Crisis
Malay Firoz

Erratum

Erratum to “Behind the Ballot: Democracy, Chicanery, and Electoral Technique in Modern India”

Book Reviews

Divorce, Democracy, and State Making. Divorce and Democracy: A History of Personal law in Post-Independence India Saumya Saxena (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2022) Marriage Unbound: State Law, Power and Inequality in Contemporary China Ke Li (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2022)
Annelien Bouland

They Eat Our Sweat: Transport Labor, Corruption, and Everyday Survival in Urban Nigeria Daniel E. Agbiboa (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2022)
Omolade Adunbi

Translating Food Sovereignty: Cultivating Justice in an Age of Transnational Governance Matthew C. Canfield (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2022)
Leila Kawar

Intimacy, Violence, and Partings Intimate Disconnections: Divorce and the Romance of Independence in Contemporary Japan Allison Alexy (Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 2020) Unexpected Subjects: Intimate Partner Violence, Testimony, and the Law Alessandra Gribaldo (HAU Books: Society for Ethnographic Theory, 2021) Feminism, Violence, and Representation in Modern Italy Giovanna Parmigiani (Indian University Press, 2019)
Pooja Satyogi

Nullius: The Anthropology of Ownership, Sovereignty, and the Law in India Kriti Kapila (Chicago: HAU Press, 2022)
Ali Malik

A Vital Frontier: Water Insurgencies in Europe Andrea Muehlebach (Durham and London: Duke University Press, 2023).
Kailey Rocker

An Anarchist Present in Lowland Southeast Asia? Outsourcing the Polity: Non-State Welfare, Inequality, and Resistance in Myanmar Gerard McCarthy (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2023) Rethinking Community in Myanmar: Practices of We-Formation among Muslims and Hindus in Urban Yangon. Judith Beyer (Copenhagen: NIAS Press, 2023)
Elliott Prasse-Freeman

Sextarianism: Sovereignty, Secularism, and the State in Lebanon Maya Mikdashi (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2022)
Sami Hermez

Notes

1  Audre Lorde, (2017) A Burst of Light: And Other Essays (Courier Dover Publications).

2  Jewell, Hannah. (2023) “Wednesday briefing: Israel prepares for an invasion; Republicans to vote on a speaker; George Santos charges; Tim Ballard accusations; fattest bear; and more.” The Washington Post. October 11, 2023. Available at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/the-seven/2023/10/11/what-to-know-for-october-11/.

3  The biographical information provided on him at the end of the article is as follows: “ALFRED R. MCINTYRE, president of Little, Brown & Company since 1926, is one of the most widely respected and reliable experts in the publishing field. The apprehension with which he views the steadily rising cost of book production must be taken with gravity by both management and the graphic arts unions.”

4  Mcintyre, Alfred R. (October 1947) “The Crisis in Book Publishing” The Atlantic. Available at: https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1947/10/the-crisis-in-book-publishing/643307/.

5  Vizenor, Gerald Robert. Manifest manners: Narratives on postindian survivance. University of Nebraska Press, 1999; Vizenor, Gerald, ed. Survivance: Narratives of native presence. University of Nebraska Press, 2008; Vizenor, Gerald. Native liberty: Natural reason and cultural survivance. University of Nebraska Press, 2009.

6  Greg Downey, (September 2023) “Editorial: The Solidarity Imperative and Changes at Ethos,” Ethos: Journal of the Society for Psychological Anthropology, accessed October 11, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1111/etho.12409.

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